While the European Union has established that by 2035 all new cars and light vans must reach zero emissions, countries such as China, Korea and Japan are committed to achieving zero emissions in the decades after 2035.
And if all countries keep their promise, according to the Global update: Paris Agreement Turning Point report, the estimated date by which zero emissions will be achieved globally is 2100.
The debate is raging, and alternatives such as hydrogen-based propulsion systems or biofuels are emerging, each with its own characteristics, benefits and drawbacks.
Hydrogen vehicles use fuel cells to convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into electricity, emitting only water vapor.
Vehicles with this technology offer advantages such as:
- Zero emissions.
- High efficiency.
- Fast recharging in a matter of minutes.
However, they also have drawbacks:
- Hydrogen must be produced from water or hydrocarbons.
- Storage is complex.
- There are few refueling points.
- For its implementation, it is not enough to adapt the current mechanics of the car. The modifications are much more demanding.
With respect to the alternative of biofuels, derived from biomass such as bioethanol and biodiesel, their main advantages are the following:
- Their biodegradability.
- Compatibility with existing infrastructure.
Of course, they are not perfect and their disadvantages should be taken into consideration:
- Their production increases CO2 emissions, as a University of Michigan study has shown, instead of reducing them as originally believed.
- They are less efficient than traditional fuels.
- Dedicating part of the cultivated areas to this type of agriculture can trigger competition with those dedicated to food production, in addition to causing deforestation.
In conclusion, both hydrogen and biofuels are promising alternatives for a more sustainable automotive industry, although they have significant drawbacks that must be overcome to meet global requirements and ensure efficiency and sustainability without causing further dam
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